The Tree Depth Pattern is crucial in binary tree problems where understanding the depth of the tree is key. Depth refers to the number of nodes along the path from the root to the deepest or shallowest leaf. Problems involving depth often require finding the minimum or maximum depth of the tree, which can be important for understanding the tree’s structure, balance, and overall health. Mastering this pattern will help you solve various problems efficiently by focusing on how deep or shallow different parts of the tree are.