Background

While designing a scalable system, the most important aspect is defining how the data will be partitioned and replicated across servers. Let's first define these terms before moving on:

Data partitioning: It is the process of distributing data across a set of servers. It improves the scalability and performance of the system.

Data replication: It is the process of making multiple copies of data and storing them on different servers. It improves the availability and durability of the data across the system.