The Circuit Breaker Pattern solves the above problems by failing fast and preventing repeated futile attempts once a service is known to be faulty. In practice, you wrap calls to an external service in a Circuit Breaker component that monitors the outcomes of those calls. Initially, the circuit breaker is in a Closed state, allowing calls to flow normally. It counts failures (such as exceptions or timeouts). When the number of failures reaches a certain threshold, the breaker "trips" to an Open state