Which programming language is cross-platform?

In general, a “cross-platform” programming language is one that can be used to develop applications that run seamlessly on multiple operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux). Below are some of the most common cross-platform languages:

1. Java

• Why It’s Cross-Platform: Java code compiles to bytecode, which runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). As long as there’s a JVM implementation for your operating system, the same Java program can run there without modification.
• Typical Uses: Enterprise applications, Android app development (via the Android SDK), large-scale server-side systems.

2. Python

• Why It’s Cross-Platform: Python interpreters exist for all major OSes. You can write Python code once and run it on different platforms, provided you have a compatible interpreter installed.
• Typical Uses: Data science, AI/ML, web development (Django/Flask), scripting, and automation.

3. JavaScript (Node.js for Back-End)

• Why It’s Cross-Platform: JavaScript engines (V8, SpiderMonkey) are built for multiple environments—web browsers and Node.js on servers. Node.js apps are portable across different operating systems.
• Typical Uses: Web development (front-end in the browser, back-end with Node.js), serverless applications, cross-platform desktop apps (e.g., Electron).

4. C# (via .NET Core / .NET 5+)

• Why It’s Cross-Platform: Microsoft’s .NET platform now supports Windows, Linux, and macOS with its modern .NET releases (formerly .NET Core).
• Typical Uses: Web services (ASP.NET), desktop apps, game development with Unity, cross-platform tools.

5. Dart (via Flutter)

• Why It’s Cross-Platform: Dart code can be compiled to native ARM code for mobile or to JavaScript for web. Flutter framework lets you build apps for iOS, Android, web, and desktop from a single codebase.
• Typical Uses: Cross-platform mobile and web apps with a consistent UI and near-native performance.

Tips for Cross-Platform Development

• Deciding on the Language: Factor in your project’s goals (mobile vs. desktop vs. web), performance requirements, and existing ecosystem.
• Learn Core Programming & System Design Skills:
  • Grokking the Coding Interview: Patterns for Coding Questions helps you build a strong foundation in data structures and algorithms—essential for any language you choose.
  • Grokking the System Design Fundamentals equips you with the knowledge to design scalable, reliable applications across multiple platforms.

Ultimately, each cross-platform language has its unique strengths and best-use scenarios. Choose the one that aligns with your project requirements, developer expertise, and desired performance level.