What are the three components of system design?

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The three primary components of system design are:

1. Frontend (Client-Side)

The frontend is the part of the system that users interact with directly, usually through web or mobile interfaces. It involves:

User interface (UI) design
User experience (UX) optimization
Handling user input and interacting with the backend via APIs

2. Backend (Server-Side)

The backend consists of the server-side components that process requests, handle business logic, and interact with the database. Key elements include:

Application servers: Execute the core business logic.
APIs: Facilitate communication between the frontend and backend.
Databases: Store and retrieve data efficiently.

3. Data Storage

Data storage encompasses the databases and file storage systems that store the application's data. This includes:

Relational Databases (SQL): For structured data.
NoSQL Databases: For unstructured or flexible data types.
Caching systems: Tools like Redis or Memcached for improving data retrieval speed.

These three components work together to deliver a complete system that handles both user interactions and data processing.

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