What are the most common system design interview questions at FAANG companies?

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System design interview questions at FAANG companies (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google) are designed to assess a candidate's ability to design complex systems, considering scalability, reliability, efficiency, and maintainability. While the specific questions can vary based on current technology trends and the interviewer, certain types of questions are perennial favorites because they touch on fundamental principles of system design. Here are some of the most common system design interview questions you might encounter:

1. Design a Scalable Web Service or Platform

Example: "How would you design Twitter/Facebook/Instagram?"
- Focuses on handling large volumes of data and users, ensuring low latency, and providing a consistent user experience.

2. Design a Messaging or Notification Service

Example: "Design a messaging app like WhatsApp or a real-time notification system."
- Tests knowledge on real-time data processing, message queuing, push notifications, and handling peak loads.

3. Design a File Storage or Sharing Service

Example: "How would you design Dropbox/Google Drive?"
- Evaluates understanding of distributed file systems, data replication, consistency, and user authentication.

4. Design a Video Streaming Service

Example: "Design Netflix/YouTube."
- Covers video streaming techniques, content delivery networks (CDNs), database schema design, and caching strategies.

5. Design a Search Engine or Service

Example: "How would you design a search engine or a type-ahead suggestion feature?"
- Focuses on efficient data retrieval, indexing, ranking algorithms, and autocomplete algorithms.

6. Design a Highly Available and Reliable System

Example: "Design an e-commerce platform like Amazon."
- Explores considerations for building resilient systems that support transactions, product listings, user reviews, and payment processing.

7. Design a Location-Based Service

Example: "Design a service like Uber or a geo-distributed leaderboard for games."
- Tests strategies for geospatial indexing, proximity searches, and ensuring low latency for location-based queries.

8. Design a Scalable Data Processing System

Example: "How would you design a system to process and analyze big data in real-time?"
- Assesses understanding of data processing frameworks, batch vs. stream processing, and data storage options.

9. Design a Rate Limiter

Example: "Design a rate limiter for a web API."
- Evaluates ability to implement throttling to protect resources from being overwhelmed by too many requests.

10. Design a Social Graph or Friend Recommendation System

Example: "How would you design a system to manage friend connections or recommend friends?"
- Involves understanding graph data structures, efficient query operations, and algorithms for recommendation systems.

Preparing for System Design Interviews

Study Common Architectures: Learn the basic architectures of common web services and platforms.
Understand Scalability and Reliability Principles: Be familiar with concepts such as load balancing, caching, data sharding, replication, and fault tolerance.
Practice Communication: Clearly articulate your design decisions, trade-offs, and thought process during the interview.
Review Case Studies: Study existing systems and understand why they were designed in a particular way.

These questions require not only technical knowledge but also creativity and a deep understanding of trade-offs in system design. Preparing for these interviews involves studying widely used systems, practicing design exercises, and reviewing real-world case studies to understand different approaches to common problems.

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System Design Fundamentals

System Design Interview

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