LeetCode challenges cover a wide range of algorithmic concepts. Preparing for these challenges often involves familiarizing yourself with some common algorithms. Here's a list of key algorithms often encountered in LeetCode problems:

1. Sorting Algorithms

• Bubble Sort
• Merge Sort
• Quick Sort
• Heap Sort
• Insertion Sort
• Radix Sort

2. Search Algorithms

• Binary Search
• Depth-First Search (DFS)
• Breadth-First Search (BFS)
• Linear Search

3. Dynamic Programming

• Memoization
• Tabulation
• Divide and Conquer

4. Recursion

• Basic Recursion
• Backtracking (e.g., solving puzzles like Sudoku, N-Queens problem)

5. Graph Algorithms

• Dijkstra's Algorithm (Shortest Path)
• Bellman-Ford Algorithm
• Floyd-Warshall Algorithm
• Topological Sort
• Kruskal’s and Prim’s Algorithms (Minimum Spanning Tree)

6. Tree Algorithms

• Tree Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder)
• Binary Search Trees
• AVL Trees
• Segment Trees
• Fenwick Trees or Binary Indexed Trees

7. Greedy Algorithms

• Activity Selection
• Huffman Coding
• Prim’s and Kruskal’s Algorithms

8. String Manipulation Algorithms

• String Matching and Parsing
• KMP Algorithm (Knuth Morris Pratt)
• Rabin-Karp Algorithm
• Trie (Prefix Tree) Implementation

9. Bit Manipulation Techniques

• Basic Bit Operations
• Bitmasking Techniques
• Brian Kernighan’s Algorithm

10. Data Structures

• Arrays and Linked Lists
• Stacks and Queues
• Hash Tables
• Heaps

Conclusion

This list is not exhaustive but covers many of the fundamental algorithms that are often used to solve problems on LeetCode. A solid understanding of these algorithms, along with strong problem-solving skills, will be immensely beneficial in tackling LeetCode challenges effectively.