Do I need ethics approval for interviews?

Whether you need ethics approval for conducting interviews largely depends on the context and purpose of the interviews. Ethics approval is primarily required when your interviews involve research activities, especially those that collect data from human participants. Here's a detailed overview to help you understand when ethics approval is necessary and the steps involved in obtaining it.

1. Context Matters

Academic and Scientific Research

If you are conducting interviews as part of an academic or scientific research project, ethics approval is typically required. This applies to studies aiming to contribute to knowledge in fields such as psychology, sociology, education, and other social sciences.

Market Research and Business

In business settings, such as market research or user experience studies, ethics approval might not always be mandatory. However, adhering to ethical standards is still crucial, especially when handling personal or sensitive information.

Journalistic and Informal Interviews

For journalistic purposes or informal interviews that do not involve systematic data collection for research, ethics approval is generally not required. Nonetheless, ethical considerations like informed consent and confidentiality remain important.

2. When Ethics Approval is Required

• Human Subjects Research: Any study involving interactions with individuals to collect data about their opinions, behaviors, experiences, or characteristics typically requires ethics approval.

• Sensitive Topics: Research addressing sensitive issues (e.g., mental health, discrimination, personal trauma) necessitates careful ethical scrutiny to protect participants.

• Vulnerable Populations: Studies involving minors, individuals with cognitive impairments, or other vulnerable groups require additional ethical safeguards.

3. Ethical Principles to Follow

Regardless of whether ethics approval is required, adhering to ethical principles is essential:

• Informed Consent: Ensure participants are fully informed about the purpose of the interview, what it entails, and any potential risks. They should voluntarily agree to participate.

• Confidentiality: Protect the privacy of participants by keeping their information secure and anonymizing data where possible.

• Right to Withdraw: Participants should have the right to withdraw from the study at any point without any negative consequences.

• Minimize Harm: Design your interviews to minimize any potential physical, psychological, or emotional harm to participants.

4. Obtaining Ethics Approval

Steps to Follow:

1. Determine Necessity: Assess whether your interview-based activity qualifies as human subjects research requiring ethics approval.

2. Prepare Documentation: Typically, you will need to submit a detailed proposal outlining your research objectives, methodology, data handling procedures, and ethical considerations.

3. Submit to Ethics Committee: Most academic institutions have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee that reviews research proposals. Submit your documentation to the appropriate body.

4. Await Approval: The review process may involve revisions to ensure ethical standards are met. Once approved, you can proceed with your interviews.

5. Conduct Research Ethically: Follow the approved protocols diligently, respecting all ethical guidelines throughout your study.

5. Consequences of Not Obtaining Ethics Approval

Failing to secure necessary ethics approval can have serious repercussions, including:

• Research Rejection: Academic journals and conferences may reject your work if it lacks proper ethical clearance.

• Legal Implications: Mishandling personal data or violating privacy laws can result in legal action against you or your institution.

• Reputational Damage: Ethical breaches can tarnish your professional reputation and credibility in the field.

6. Ethics in Business and Market Research

While formal ethics approval may not be required in business contexts, ethical considerations remain paramount:

• Transparency: Clearly communicate the purpose of your interviews to participants.

• Data Protection: Implement robust data security measures to safeguard participant information.

• Respect for Participants: Treat all participants with respect and consideration, valuing their time and input.

7. Best Practices for Ethical Interviews

• Develop a Code of Conduct: Establish guidelines that outline ethical standards for conducting interviews.

• Training: Ensure that anyone conducting interviews is trained in ethical research practices and understands the importance of maintaining integrity.

• Review and Reflect: Regularly assess your interview practices to identify and address any ethical concerns.

Conclusion

Ethics approval for interviews is essential when your activities qualify as human subjects research, particularly in academic and scientific contexts. Obtaining the necessary approvals ensures that your research upholds ethical standards, protecting both you and your participants. Even in contexts where formal approval is not required, adhering to ethical principles is crucial for maintaining trust, credibility, and professionalism.

For further guidance, refer to the ethical guidelines and resources provided by your institution or relevant professional bodies.